Treatment - Holding Pattern

As mentioned before, the treatment is the first step of a production, this takes place even before the script is written. The following is a list of what I intend to include in my treatment for Holding Pattern:

- Plot
- Underlying Themes and Issues
- Casting & Character Profiles
- Location Profiles
- Equipment
- Crew
- Mise-en-scene (Costume / Set / Props / Lighting)
- Sound
- Scheduling
- Rehearsals
- Administration

Pre-Production Documents

There are various stages of film production and one of the most important parts is the pre-production. This includes various documents that should be done thoroughly to ensure the smooth running of the rest of the project. One of the first things to be done is a treatment. This includes all the information a producer would need to know in order to make important decisions regarding finance for the film. For example plot, casting, location, eqipment, scheduling etc. The following is a list of documents that I intend to produce as part of the pre-production process of Holding Pattern:

- Treatment
- Storyboard
- Film Production Overview Sheet
- Schedule
- Rehearsal Plan
- Lighting Plan
- Release Forms
- Recce Sheet
- Health & Safety / Risk Assessment
- Contingency Plan

Characterisation Exercise 1

Exercise Brief: 'Pick an object and invent a scenario based on emotion and intention. Then block out some action and camera shots.'

Object: Book
Scenario: Reading a book, it late at night. Have to finish the chapter for lesson tomorrow. Falling asleep and can’t stay awake.

Blocking Action & Camera Shots:

- Sitting down at a desk, the lamp is on and there are cups of coffee on the side next to a pile of books.
- Close Up of eyes
- Medium shot to show the desk and the character’s back
- Birds-eye shot of book (blur / out of focus shot to show character is falling asleep and can’t concentrate.)
- Birds-eye shot of character flicking through the pages of the book (emphasising the chapter is still not finished)
- Close up shot of clock (diegetic sound of clock ticking)
- Medium shot of character with eyes closed leaning on their hand
- Close up of character awake and with a shocked expression (its morning and the chapter is still not finished)

Action Verbs:

These are some action verbs that could have been used to describe the ‘actable moments’ to the actor:

- Calculate
- Weigh down
- Suffocate
- Engage
- Complain
- Pressure

Directing Actors

Working with actors is a major aspect of becoming a director. It is very easy to tell someone what to do, but directing someone is an entire technique and skill on its own. You need to be:

- Organised
- Creative & Technical
- Autocrative / Authoritative / Democratic
- Visionary
- Self Motivated
- Entrepreneurial

Especially when working with actors you need to:

- Provide constructive feedback
- Earn actors’ trust and respect
- Understand different communication techniques
- Allow them ‘act’ rather than ‘do what you told them’
- Read through the script with them – Primary Blocking
- Make key notes (i.e. position, posture or even actor suggestions)
- Ask them questions and ask for questions from them
- Encourage actors to develop their character background
- Work through the script from ‘beat-to-beat’

Blocking

This means physically working out how the scene will work. This includes the positions of actors, the camera, the set and props.


Scene Descriptors

These are emotional events of a scene. These can be used as tools to generate appropriate beats and action verbs.

Action Verbs

These are words are very useful on set when trying to achieve a particular emotion from an actor. They describe an ‘actable moment’ clearly for the actor to ‘feel’ as a character and then act it out through the script. Below are some examples.

Facts

When directing an actor it is more practical to use facts in your explanation rather than psychologising. For example if you are explaining a particular scene and say “she can’t cry” is harder for the actor to ‘act’ that out. Therefore a simple fact like “she doesn’t cry” would be a more appropriate way of communicating your idea. In addition to this, describing what a character is or isn’t like complicates things further. A fact about what that character does illustrates the direction you are trying to achieve from the actor.

Characterising Beats

There are various types of beats that are involved with actors:

Plot Beats

- Story beat – progresses the story / plot
- Preparation beat – sets up the beginning of a sequence
- Expository beat – reveals information about the previous circumstances
- Crisis beat – reveals a problem or conflict in the story
- Mood beat – presents an emotional circumstance
- Reversal beat – reverses an action

Character Attitude Beats

- Dispositional beat – reveals a personality trait
- Motivational beat – expresses desire and provides reason for actions
- Deliberate beat – expresses a reflective or emotional thought
- Decisive beat – indicates a significant decision

Character Thought Beats

- Emotive beat – expresses what a character feels
- Reflective beat – expresses what a character concludes considers or discovers
- Informative beat – presents information relevant to the film
- Exaggeration beat – expresses maximising or minimising of a topic
- Argumentative beat – contains a conflict or problem

[Lecture Notes: Julius Ayodeji - 13/11/06]

During the seminar we discussed our choice of script with a tutor and other students that chose the same script. I have chosen “Holding Pattern” for my final film project.

After reading the script I felt the story is about a Romanian character named Bogdan who is unemployed and currently living in the UK. He makes various attempts to apply for a job to earn a living. Bogdan is not very fluent in English however seems to be an intellectual and bright person. He has very less money and is awaiting a reply from the unemployment office at the local council. He receives a letter from the council and is left unemployed and homeless.

This script really appealed to me because of various factors. Firstly there is not great detail about the set or the actual plot. The script leaves many parts to the reader’s imagination to interpret in their own way. I feel this is a good thing as it will allow me to use my own interpretation of the story and develop it from script to screen. Also there is no dialogue in the script. Once again I see this as a positive factor as it will obligate me to use visual grammar to convey the story instead of speech. Based on my interpretation the script can have a linear or a non-linear narrative structure, which gives me more room to experiment with developing the beginning middle and end. The script has different locations; I see this as a challenge as there will be different shooting conditions at each location. Bogdan is the only character in the film, therefore his character can be developed more as it is a short film and there is limited time. Finally I feel that the subject of unemployment and immigration is interesting and can be explored and developed to give a particular message to the audience.

Units & Beats - Intro

The Dramatic Unit

The dramatic unit is a particular section of the film where :

- A problem is highlighted
- The obstacles that prevent the solution are overcome
- A change occurs
- A resolution is found.

This resolution may highlight further problems; hence another dramatic unit has begun. This cycle continues until the ultimate resolution has been found.

The Beat

The beat is a significant part of the dramatic unit can be described as ‘a moment of changed awareness’, which is normally a result of a decisive moment in the plot. This realisation can happen to a character or the audience (when they understand more than the characters in the story – another form of dramatic irony). These audience / character / plot beats can be used to prepare guidelines or steps for actors to follow.

Discuss ‘WANL’

The seminar session was about the ‘vision’ of film-makers. We watched several versions of a short film made by different students and were asked to answer a set of questions for each.

1. What was the vision?
2. What are the underlying themes?
3. How are these ideas / themes are visually represented?

4. Are there contradictions or faults present? If so what are they?

The main plot of the film was about a script writer working on a project. After watching the films and doing the exercise I learned that although the plot was the same, and almost all of the dialogue was the same, each film was very different in its own way. Each version had a different approach in terms of mise-en-scene, mood, environment, atmosphere, framing and direction. In addition to this, even though the actor was playing the same role, he was a completely different character and personality in each film. Therefore a story can be interpreted and portrayed in various ways, which can be dependant on the storyteller and the techniques used to illustrate it in the form of a film. It will be interesting to see how the scripts that our year has been given to produce will be developed into different versions.

Week 12: Production & Direction for Camera - Intro

Our first lecture was an introduction to the module ‘Production & Direction for Camera’. We were introduced to what we will be covering through the year, what we will be assessed on and also how we will be assessed.

During the first term we will cover creating and developing story structure, rehearsal processes, working with actors and ‘screencraft’. This involves seven basic aspects of putting together a scene – ‘Seven Visual Blocks’: space, line, tone, shape, colour, movement and rhythm. In the second term we will study the seven visual blocks in further detail and also discuss approaches to shooting, editing and basic production techniques. Finally in the third term we will mainly be concentrating on producing the final edit of our film and all the documentation to go with it.

We have been given five different scripts to read, out of which we need to choose one to produce and direct.

Digital Sketch Book: Final Product Opinion

Overall I felt the work that I produced was of a quality standard. The printouts came out really well and the posters looked professional. Above all I met the breifs that were set for us.

In terms of improvement I think I could have reserached further into film festivals and added an extra feature of the festival to the posters (e.g. competition). With the image essay I could have printed the images slightly larger as they looked a bit small on the 12x12" card.

Digital Sketch Book: Image Ten

Original Image

Manipulated Image

Stage 1: Adjustments - Curves

Stage 2: Filter - Water Paper Effect

I used the 'Curves' feature within adjustments to darken the colours in the image, I then added a filter effect. This didn't make much of a difference it just distorted the pixels slightly. Next I added a 'Zoom Blur', this blurred the defined lines.

Digital Sketch Book: Image Nine

Original Image

Manipulated Image

Stage 1:Mirror Image

Stage 2: Invert Image

Stage 3: Blend Change - Darken / Text

Digital Sketch Book: Image Eight

Original Image

Manipulated Image

Stage 1: Colour Balance

Stage 2: Colour Mixer

Stage 3: Filter - Radial Blur

According to my plan I intended to create strips between the original and the manipulated image. However when I came to develop the idea in Photoshop, that technique worked better with Image One. Therefore I experimented with other techniques for this image. For example the colour balances, the colour mixer and the radial blur. For the radial blur I selected certain parts of the image, this wroked better than adding the affect to the entire image.

Digital Sketch Book: Image Seven

Original Image

Manipulated Image

Stage 1: Filter - Liquify - Mesh

Stage 2: Text - Cut Out Window

I really liked the effect in the manipulated image as I used the original to create it but it looks completely different. After stage 2 I decided to make two windown (top and bottom) instead on one big window in the middle. I think the text matched the image particularly well.

Digital Sketch Book: Image Six

Original Image

Manipulated (1)

Manipulated Image (2)

Stage 1: Adjustments - Threshold

Stage 2: Cut/Paste Selection & Fill Colour

Stage 3: Duplicate Layers & Fill Different Colours

Stage 4: Duplicate Layer / Fill Bird & Text

This image was very simple concept but was complicated to set up, print and put together correctly. As you can see in the manipulated image, the black bird and the text was printed on acetate. This covered the bird in the original image behind it. On the second page the different coloured layers were stuck on foam board to give them a 3D look and some depth. In order for this idea to work, I had to make sure that the pages were printed and cut to exact measuremnets.

Digital Sketch Book: Image Five

Original Image

Manipulated Image

Stage 1: Colour Balance - Sepia

Stage 2: Filter - Artistic - Dry Brush &Text

I wanted to aheive a 'sepia' look to this image, so I altered the Colour balance by decreasing the amount of red. Then I added the artistic filter 'Dry Brush' to make the image look like it was painted. Finaly I added the text.

Digital Sketch Book: Image Four

Original Image

Manipulated Image

Stage 1: Twig Outline & Fill

Stage 2: Text

Initially I was going to print just the text and the twig on acetate, but after comparing I felt that the same image in colour on acetate would bring out the twig evern more. As you can see in the manipulated image, the original photograph is placed behind the acetate, and although the colours are the same, they have a different texture and depth on acetate. I really like this image.

Digital Sketch Book: Image Three

Original Image

Manipulated Image

stage 1: Create Orange Layer & Sun

Stage 2: Develop Sun in Image

This image was very simple, I was trying to emphasise the boldness and power of the sun. I felt this was well reflected simply with a yellow circle. As you can see in stage one I attempted to create an image of the sun but it looked too artificial.

Digital Sketch Book: Image Two

Original Image

Manipulated Image

Stage 1: Posterize Effect

Stage 2: Paint Unwanted White

Stage 3: Text

I used a simple manipulation technique of 'Posterize' to get this effect on the original image. Then on another layer I painted unwanted white parts black to make the bottom of the image more clear and defined. Then I added the text. As you can see in the photo, on the first page you can see the full panipulated image, and on the second page you can see parts of the manipulated image around the original. I really like this as it links the two pages together.

Digital Sketch Book: Image One

Original Image

Manipulated Image

Stage 1: Filter Effect 'Chalk & Charcole'

Stage 2: Vertical Strips

Stage 3: Horizontal Strips

Stage 4: Text

For this image I started off by adding the filter effect 'Chalk & Charcole'. Then I duplicated the layer and cut horizontal strips on one and vertical strips on the other. This made transparent squares which show the original image behind. The manipulated image was printed on acetate.